Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Perkembangan Psikologis Anak Dengan Intelektual Disabilitas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64690/jses.v7i3.933Keywords:
Family Support, Psychological Development, Intellectual Disabilities, Parenting, ChildrenAbstract
Children with intellectual disabilities have different cognitive and adaptive developmental characteristics and therefore require consistent support from their immediate environment, particularly their families. Family support plays a role not only in fulfilling children's basic needs but also in promoting psychological development, including emotional regulation, self-confidence, independence, and social interaction skills. This literature review aims to analyze the forms of family support and their contribution to the psychological development of children with intellectual disabilities based on previous research findings. The study employed a literature review method by examining relevant scientific literature addressing family support, parenting, psychological development, mental health, and intellectual disabilities. The literature was analyzed using a descriptive-thematic approach through the stages of identification, selection, thematic grouping, content analysis, and synthesis of findings. The results indicate that family support contributes to children's psychological development through five main aspects: emotional support, family acceptance and positive parenting, developmental stimulation and opportunities for independence, support for social interaction, and strengthening psychological resilience. A family environment that is accepting, responsive, and consistent can help children develop a sense of security, self-esteem, emotional regulation, adaptive abilities, and quality of life. Therefore, strengthening family capacity is an essential component in supporting the psychological development and well-being of children with intellectual disabilities.
Downloads
References
Abani, M. S., Anislag, R. T., Budiongan, G. L., Cagape, W. E., & Paz, C. V. (2023). The parents' acceptance of their children with intellectual disability: A phenomenological study. International Journal of Research Publication, 126(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.47119/IJRP1001261620225000
Aishah, A., Nurdin, D., Sa’ud, U. S., Meirawan, D., & Nuphanudin, N. (2024). Membangun kepemimpinan inklusif: Studi kasus manajemen layanan inklusi pada SD Negeri 25 Banda Aceh. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 12(4), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.29210/1115600
Aishah, A., Sa’ud, U. S., Meirawan, D., & Nurdin, D. (2024). Curriculum adaptation in science subjects at Banda Aceh inclusive elementary school. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(10), 7409–7414. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.8773
Aishah, A., Sa’ud, U. S., Meirawan, D., & Nurdin, D. (2025). Management of inclusive education in primary schools. Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, 10(4), 843–853. https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v10i4.1986
Anfasa, M. R., & Selian, S. N. (2025). Pengalaman ibu dalam mendampingi proses asesmen psikologis anak berkebutuhan khusus. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.24843/JPU.2025.v12.i02.p03
Arango, P. S., Sabat, C., & Gatica, F. (2025). Parental attitudes and practices in families with siblings with and without intellectual disability: Influences of sociodemographic and child-related factors. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 165, 105107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2025.105107
Booth, A., Sutton, A., Clowes, M., & Martyn-St James, M. (2021). Systematic approaches to a successful literature review (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Cheng, S., Xuxu, L., & Deng, M. (2024). The resilience of parents of children with intellectual disabilities: An effort from self-regulation and career burnout. Child: Care, Health and Development, 50(4), e13286. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13286
Dean, E. E., Kirby, A. V., Hagiwara, M., Shogren, K. A., Ersan, D. T., & Brown, S. (2021). Family role in the development of self-determination for youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A scoping review. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 59(4), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-59.4.315
Della, F., & Selian, S. N. (2026). Makna keterlibatan orang tua dalam keberhasilan intervensi dini pada anak berkebutuhan khusus: Studi fenomenologi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 10(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.24036/jpkk.v10i2.1701
Dongre, S. B., Yenireddy, A., Sukaiya, G. U., & Khade, A. N. (2024). Research methodology: Methods, approaches & techniques. Academic Guru Publishing House.
Ermel, A. P. C., Lacerda, D. P., Morandi, M. I. W. M., & Gauss, L. (2021). Literature reviews: Modern methods for investigating scientific and technological knowledge. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75722-9
Friedman, C. (2022). The impact of continuity and security on quality of life. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 60(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-60.2.101
Hassanein, E. E. A., Adawi, T. R., & Johnson, E. S. (2021). Social support, resilience, and quality of life for families with children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 112, 103910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103910
Intan, I., & Selian, S. N. (2025). Dukungan orang tua dan prestasi belajar anak Down syndrome di sekolah luar biasa (SLB). Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy), 5(3), 29568–29577. https://joecy.org/index.php/joecy/article/view/4427
Maulana, Z., & Selian, S. N. (2026). Family and schools collaboration in supporting children with specific learning disorders. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(2), 72–82. https://ojssulthan.com/ijmr/article/view/940
Nwafor, C. E., Ofonedu, M., Nwankwo, N. I., Obuna, A., & Ugwu, P. C. (2022). Perceived stress moderates the relationship between family support and family quality of life among parents of children living with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(4), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12425
Prasaja, P., & Harumi, L. (2023). The effectiveness of family empowerment in increasing the independence of the daily living activities of children with intellectual disability. Jurnal Keterapian Fisik, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.37341/jkf.v8i1.387
Ranta, K., Saarimäki, H., Gummerus, J., Virtanen, J., Peltomäki, S., & Kontu, E. (2025). Psychological interventions for parents of children with intellectual disabilities to enhance child behavioral outcomes or parental well-being: A systematic review, content analysis and effects. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 29(2), 500–535. https://doi.org/10.1177/17446295241302857
Scripps, E., Sutherland, D., Langdon, P. E., Hastings, R. P., & Gray, K. M. (2025). Supporting parents of adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review of interventions. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 38(1), e70004. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70004
Selian, S. N. (2024). Psikologi anak berkebutuhan khusus. Banda Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.
Selian, S. N., & Yulasteriyani. (2024). Pengalaman orang tua yang bekerja dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus: Studi fenomenologi. JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan), 11(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.21009/JKKP.112.02
Taub, T., & Werner, S. (2023). Perspectives of adolescents with disabilities and their parents regarding autonomous decision-making and self-determination. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 136, 104442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104442
Westlake, F., Westlake, M., & Totsika, V. (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of interventions targeting the parent-child relationship in families of children with an intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 37(6), e13273. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13273
Widyawati, Y., Scholte, R. H. J., Kleemans, T., & Otten, R. (2023). Parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Indonesia: The role of protective factors. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 35, 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-022-09878-1
Zabidi, A. S., Hastings, R. P., & Totsika, V. (2023). Spending leisure time together: Parent child relationship in families of children with an intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 133, 104398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104398
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishah Aishah, Sri Nurhayati Selian (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
