Cocoa Cultivation and Its Development Prospects in Southeast Sulawesi in Facing the Global Market
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64690/agrones.v1i3.456Keywords:
Cocoa, Southeast Sulawesi, Cultivation, Global Market, Sustainable DevelopmentAbstract
Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s leading commodities that significantly contributes to the national economy, particularly in the Southeast Sulawesi region. This area is known as one of the largest cocoa-producing centers in Indonesia, with vast potential for further development. This study aims to examine the current state of cocoa cultivation in Southeast Sulawesi and its prospects in facing the challenges of the global market through a literature review approach. The study highlights various aspects, including agroecological conditions, cultivation techniques, productivity levels, and challenges in the supply chain and marketing. The findings indicate that cocoa development in Southeast Sulawesi has great potential but still faces several issues, such as poor seed quality, pest and disease attacks, and limited post-harvest technological innovation. Furthermore, environmental sustainability and product certification have become major requirements in global trade. Strengthening farmers’ capacity, implementing sustainable agricultural practices, and providing strong support from both local and national governments are key factors in enhancing the competitiveness of Southeast Sulawesi cocoa in international markets. With proper management strategies, cocoa can become a highly competitive leading commodity that contributes to improving local community welfare.
Downloads
References
Andrini, A. (2023). Intensitas Serangan Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao (Conopomorpha cramerella) terhadap Kehilangan Hasil. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin Press.
Anwar, R. (2023). Penerapan Prinsip Keberlanjutan dalam Agribisnis Kakao untuk Daya Saing Ekspor. Jurnal Agroindustri dan Ketahanan Pangan, 9(2), 65–79.
Arifin, M. (2024). Analisis Kualitas Biji Kakao dan Dampaknya terhadap Daya Saing Ekspor Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, 15(2), 88–102.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Statistik Perkebunan Kakao Indonesia 2024. Jakarta: BPS RI.
Bemelmans, J., Widyastuti, D., & Van der Linden, H. (2025). Implementation and effectiveness of corporate-driven Rainforest Alliance cocoa certification schemes in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Agricultural and Food Economics, 13(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40100-025-00321-9
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Depoorter, C., Rahardjo, I., & Susanto, P. (2025). The role of intermediaries in the implementation of cocoa certification and market linkages in Indonesia. Journal of Agribusiness and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 33–48.
Gunawan, F. (2025). Digitalisasi Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Inovasi dan Transformasi di Sektor Kakao Indonesia. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.
Handoko, T., & Lestari, E. (2023). Implementasi Sertifikasi Berkelanjutan dalam Peningkatan Mutu Kakao di Indonesia Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Pembangunan, 9(1), 55–70.
Hartono, B. (2023). Inovasi Budidaya Kakao untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Hasanah, R. (2024). Transformasi Industri Hilir Kakao dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Ekonomi Daerah. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Kementerian Perdagangan Republik Indonesia. (2024). Outlook Ekspor Komoditas Kakao Indonesia 2024–2030. Jakarta: Kemendag RI.
Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. (2024). Peta Jalan Pengembangan Industri Hilir Kakao 2024–2030. Jakarta: Kemenperin RI.
Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2024). Laporan Tahunan Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan: Program Pengembangan Kakao Nasional 2023–2024. Jakarta: Kementan RI.
Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. (2024). Statistik Perkebunan Kakao Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan.
Kongor, J. E., Ndjiondjop, M. N., & Mahob, R. J. (2024). Cocoa production in the 2020s: Challenges and sustainable solutions. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience, 5(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-024-00153-2
Latuconsina, F. (2024). Analisis Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Pengembangan Kakao di Wilayah Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Agroklimat dan Teknologi Tropika, 12(2), 45–58.
Lestari, M. D. (2023). Strategi Branding dan Sertifikasi Produk Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Global. Jurnal Ekonomi Agroindustri, 8(2), 77–91.
Mahendra, A. (2025). Sinkronisasi Kebijakan Nasional dan Daerah dalam Penguatan Ekspor Komoditas Kakao Indonesia. Jakarta: LIPI Press.
Nuralfiyan, A., Mulyadi, R., & Hadi, S. (2025). Analisis Produksi Kakao di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara: Tren Historis dan Peramalan Deret Waktu. Jurnal P4I, 12(1), 55–67.
Nurhasanah, D., & Malik, S. (2025). Evaluasi Produktivitas Kakao di Indonesia Timur: Studi Kasus Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Penelitian Agronomi Berkelanjutan, 9(1), 23–37.
Oge, L. (2025). Pengembangan Teknologi Pascapanen Berbasis Kearifan Lokal dalam Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Mahasiswa dan Akademisi, 1(4), 46–56.
Oge, L. (2025). Postharvest physiological studies on the quality and shelf life of tropical fruits: A literature review. Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy, 1(1), 18–27.
Prasetyo, D. (2025). Strategi Penguatan Standar Mutu Kakao Menuju Pasar Global: Pendekatan Rantai Nilai Terintegrasi. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis dan Inovasi Pertanian, 11(1), 33–49.
Pratama, G., & Yuliani, E. (2025). Digitalisasi Rantai Pasok dan Kemitraan Inklusif pada Industri Kakao di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan dan Inovasi Pertanian, 10(1), 44–59.
Putri, N. W. (2024). Inovasi Kebijakan Pertanian dan Pemberdayaan Petani di Era Digital. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Rahim, A. (2024). Peluang dan Tantangan Kakao Indonesia di Pasar Dunia. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Rahmawati, L., & Nurdin, A. (2024). Model Pemberdayaan Petani Kakao Berbasis Kelembagaan dan Kewirausahaan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Agraria, 12(1), 55–68.
Sa’adah, M., Harsono, S., & Dewi, L. (2024). Sustainable cocoa supply chain in East Java, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences (ICGAB 2024), 78(4), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20247804023
Sjam, S., Taufik, M., & Iskandar, A. (2025). The presence of beneficial insects and damage intensity of cocoa pod borer in cocoa plantations. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tropika, 22(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhpt.2025.12
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Syahruddin, M. (2023). Evaluasi Implementasi Program Peremajaan Kakao Rakyat di Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Kebijakan Pertanian Tropika, 9(2), 101–114.
Utami, S. (2023). Peningkatan Kapasitas UMKM Kakao melalui Inovasi dan Teknologi Pengolahan Modern. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Wahyudin, C. I., & Oge, L. (2025). Utilization of oil palm waste as a renewable energy source: A current literature review. Journal of Agriculture, Agribusiness, Welfare, Technology, Humanity, Environment, Social, and Economy, 1(2), 70–81.
Wibowo, D., & Handayani, S. (2024). Smart farming dan marketplace digital sebagai strategi peningkatan daya saing kakao di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi dan Agribisnis Tropika, 11(1), 34–48.
Yuliana, R. (2023). Implementasi Good Agricultural Practices dalam Meningkatkan Produksi Kakao Rakyat. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian dan Lingkungan, 8(3), 115–129.
Zahra, T. (2023). Ekonomi Hijau dan Daya Saing Komoditas Perkebunan di Pasar Global. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Imran Imran (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
